Comprehensive kinetic modeling study of biooil formation. An auger reactor with one rotating screw was simulated using the present 3d cfd code to study the characteristics of biomass fast pyrolysis in this type of reactor. The primary focus of this project is to research, develop and evaluate an alternative fast pyrolysis reactor design for the production of biooil. Design consideration of pyrolysis reactor for production of. Pyrolysis of softwood carbohydrates in a fluidized bed reactor. Ablative pyrolysis is substantially different in concept compared to the other methods of fast pyrolysis. The design is highly complicated and requirement for investment and maintenance is always high thereby making the technology uneconomically suitable. Microwaveassisted pyrolysis is an advanced process in comparison with conventional pyrolysis. The aim of this work is to analyze the optimal operating conditions for fast biomass pyrolysis. Development of a labscale auger reactor for biomass fast. Design, optimization and evaluation of a freefall biomass. Btg process biomass air char combuster hot sand cyclone gas condensor biooil rotating cone auger or screw reactor single or twin screw configurations forebiom workshop 20.
The reactors located in the brl include a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, an auger reactor, and a free fall reactor. Any pyrolysis reactor model must include the thermodynamics of the process, which can be difficult to measure. An auger reactor designed and constructed by proton power, inc. This has become increasingly obvious lately as technologies are moving towards demonstration. Thermochemical conversion of biomass via fast pyrolysis is a proven pathway to product lowcarbon crude biooils. Fast pyrolysis of biomass residues in a twinscrew mixing. Forschungszentrum karlsruhe fzk developed a fast pyrolysis reactor to convert straw to pyrolysis oil and char to serve as a highenergy slurry feedstock for entrained flow gasification the bioliq process. The principal features of the reactor are the following. Fast pyrolysis for biomass conversion to fungible fuels. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 450 c under nitrogen atmosphere. Fast pyrolysis of biomass residues in a twinscrew mixing reactor.
After extensive characterization of the whole biooils and their pyrolytic ligninrich ethyl acetate fractions by gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms, gel permeation chromatography gpc, calorific values, viscosity dependences on. The presented case of a unit with a feed capacity of 10 kg hr 1 has proven to be a feasible compromise between operational complexity. The fully continuous plant can achieve feeding of materials and discharging of slags automatically, and can also finish the two steps at the same time, which not only saves time, but also saves fuels. The operating conditions required to maximize the yield of liquid products are investigated and discussed on the basis of a comprehensive mathematical model of woodbiomass devolatilization. Pyrolysis of pine wood and softwood carbohydrates namely, cellulose and galactoglucomannan, was conducted in batch mode in the reactor setup described above. This is a slow pyrolysis reactor with heat transfer rate very low. Schematic of the pyrolysis reactor system is shown in figure 1.
Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor of 108 mm in internal diameter operated at 450 c using three different sizes of palm kernel shell 0. The focus of this work is a radiatively heated, freefall, fast pyrolysis reactor. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is the thermal degradation of lignocellulosic material in the absence of oxygen. Jan 01, 2018 in this work, two types of continuously operated catalytic fast pyrolysis reactors were used, viz. The reactor is a cylindrical, batch type, fixed bed reactor. F per second and temperatures usually in excess of 1,000. Cfd analysis of fast pyrolysis process in a pilotscale. The technology of fast pyrolysis for liquids is noteworthy for the wide range of reactor configurations that have been developed to meet the stringent requirements for high yields of useful. A labscale biomass fast pyrolysis system was designed and constructed based on an auger reactor concept. Fast pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, at moderate temperatures with a high heat transfer rate to the biomass particles and a short hot vapour residence time in the order of a few seconds in the reaction zone. This work reports the problems faced with the twin screw reactor, troubleshooting which will result in biooil, one of the main products of fast pyrolysis. A parametric study of operating temperature, operating pressure, screw rotational speed, biomass feed rate and inclusion. Pyrolysis reactor an overview sciencedirect topics.
The top countries of supplier is china, from which the percentage of fast pyrolysis equipment supply is 100% respectively. Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in the gassolid. The reactor was loaded with approximately 10 g of raw material and 30 g of quartz sand. It is obtained by heating dried biomass without oxygen in a reactor at a temperature of about 500 c with subsequent cooling.
The results show that both calcined dolomite and a nickelbased catalyst can elevate the hydrogen content greatly. As previously stated, the fluidised bed reactor is the most common and. Upon heating, pyrolytic conversion takes place within seconds, the pyrolysis products are separated from the heat carrier material, and quickly cooled down in a quench. The rotating cone reactor has many similarities except that the sand and biomass transport is effected by centrifugal forces operating in a rotating cone. Bio oils and transportation fuels by fast pyrolysis the. The integrated biooil plant, based on fast pyrolysis technology, is one of the first of its kind in the world on an industrial scale.
The dried biomass is first added to the hopper from where it is fed with a volumetric feeder into the auger reactor at a feeding rate between 1 to 40 gmin. Fully continuous pyrolysis plant 2024td beston group. The reactor as designed and operated is able to achieve high liquid yields greater than 70%wt. Characterization of biooils produced from fast pyrolysis. Pictures of the biomass feeder, pyrolyzer, cyclone, hotvapor filter, and the condensers of the pyrolysis reactor system are shown in figures s1 to s5 in the supplemental file. Boateng eastern regional research center, agricultural research service, u.
Brown iowa state university and jennifer holmgren uop. As a matter of fact, temperatures above 550 c reportedly reduce the biooil yield 172. Design, fabrication and performance study of a biomass solid. Nov 18, 2016 pyrolysis of pine for biooil production using an auger reactor. The presented protocol for fast pyrolysis in a twinscrew mixing reactor can be realized on different scales with some adjustments. As the temperature rises from 300 to 500 c, liquid formation increases by 40% 92.
Jet fuel vs diesel vs gasoline how they burn and what color are they. Biomass conversion to produce hydrocarbon liquid fuel via. Al 2 o 3, sial, hy, hzsm5 were studied in upgrading pine wood fast pyrolysis vapors. The presented case of a unit with a feed capacity of 10 kg hr 1 has proven to be a feasible compromise between operational complexity and meaningful results for process behavior. Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in the gassolid vortex reactor arturo gonzalez, pieter a. The biomass autothermal bat fluidized bed reactor system is used for continuous autothermal pyrolysis of biomass.
Crucial issues are the fast and complete heating of biomass particles to reduce char formation and the rapid. Design and operation, authorleena kapoor and aditya mekala and debajyoti bose, journal2016 21st century energy needs materials, systems and applications ictfcen, year2016, pages16. Due to its short residence time, the main products from biomass fast pyrolysis are ethylenerich gases that can be con. Molten salt flash pyrolysis biomass reactor open source ecology. In this research, an extended discrete element method dem is proposed for simulating biomass fast pyrolysis reacting granular flows in a double auger reactor, in which particle hydrodynamics and interparticle heat transfer processes are involved and coupled with chemical. Reactor mesh pyrolysis reactor washer sealing off reaction space switchgrass char bio oil vapors hot n 2 trap 1 2 c trap 2 2 c trap 3 78 c upgraded bio oil vapors mixed oxides catalyst bed characteristics. Catalytic upgrading of pinewood fast pyrolysis vapors using. Modeling of fast pyrolysis reactors is challenging, even with state of the art computational tools and design, because rules to scale up well. Numerical simulation of biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized. Inside the reactor the biomass is heated and undergoes chemical and physical processes being transformed into biochar.
Pyrolysis of pine for biooil production using an auger. Different approaches used in the transport models are presented at both the level of single particle and reactor, together with. The design features two intermeshing augers that mix biomass with a heated bulk solid material that serves as a heat transfer medium. Continuous fast pyrolysis miniplant department of green. Comparing to the semi pyrolysis plant and batch pyrolysis plant, it has a larger capacity 2. Main reactor types include bubbling and circulating fluidized bed reactors, rotating cone reactors, auger reactors, ablative reactors, vacuum reactors, and free fall reactors. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the corn stalk feeds and biooils were performed, and the biooils were characterized by gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms, gel permeation chromatography gpc, c and 1h. Both acidpretreated and untreated corn stalks were pyrolyzed. Pdf fast pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastic in a. Fast pyrolysis pilot plants bioeconomy institute iowa.
Catalytic upgrading of pinewood fast pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis reactor the pyrolysis reactor is designed for pyrolysis of waste materials like biomass, agricultural wastes, scrap types etc. Fast pyrolysis and biooil upgrading build a gasifier. Dimensional analysis is a classical tool to evaluate complex processes on a scientific basis and its application to fast pyrolysis is presented herein. Auger pyrolysis reactor biological systems engineering. Department of biosystems engineering, faculty of bioscience. Kit ikft thermochemical conversion of biomass fast. The system has evolved to the point where the company builds, for sale, 20 kgd and 50 td. A fixed bed pyrolysis system has been designed and fabricated for obtaining liquid fuel from biomass solid wastes. Byproducts of this pyrolysis process are syngas synthesis gas and pyrolysis oil. Pyrolysis reactors are mostly modelled in laboratory equipment or in pilot plant for the time being in order to aid understanding of the principal factors controlling the processes and for finding the optimal parameters to obtain recycled products of required quality and quantity at the same time. To overcome these obstacles, we studied the introduction of high pressure hydrogen into the pyrolysis reactor, in a process known as catalytic fast hydropyrolysis cfhp.
An apparatus for the fast pyrolysis of biomass is designed and set up to simulate the fast heating rate in the fluidized bed. Prospects and challenges of pyrolysis technologies for. A central composite design of experiments was performed to evaluate the novel. The auger reactor is attractive for its versatility in transforming a wide range of feedstocks, and has been recognized as one of the technologies with better strengths not only for fast pyrolysis. Copyrolysis of red oak and high density polyethylene hdpe was conducted in a laboratoryscale, continuous fluidized bed reactor in a temperature range from 525 to 675 c. The reactors located in the brl include two bubbling fluidized bed reactors, an auger reactor, and a free fall reactor. The reactor being studied is a radiative freefall reactor shown in figure 1. Numerical simulation of biomass fast pyrolysis in an auger. Fluidization dynamics, particle dynamics, quenching, sample. The renewed interest in pyrolysis is driven by the potential to convert lignocellulosic materials into biooil and biochar and the use of these intermediates for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and engineered biochars for environmental services. The reactor was designed and constructed for the production of biooil from the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Brown, jared nathaniel, development of a labscale auger reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis and process optimization using response surface methodology 2009. Fast pyrolysis of oil palm kernel shell in a fluidized bed.
In this approach, chemical reaction equations were solved in the context of cfd, i. The top side of reactor can be open for feeding the raw material and. Revised manuscript received march 3, 2008 biooils from the fast pyrolysis of switchgrass. Bio oils and transportation fuels by fast pyrolysis several years ago vtt identified that all biofuels are, and for the near future will be, more expensive than their fossil counterparts. The features of biomass fast catalytic pyrolysis in the apparatus are studied, whereas the kinetics model of biomass catalytic pyrolysis is presented. Circulating fluid bed reactor reactors ablative pyrolysis.
Temperatures between 350 c and 450 c have been applied to characterize the yields and reactor problem has been identified. Chemical composition of biooils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops charles a. A dem modeling of biomass fast pyrolysis in a double auger. Dry and comminuted biomass is mixed with a preheated heat carrier and heated up within seconds. Fortum commercialised the fast pyrolysis technology by building a pyrolysis oil plant connected to the joensuu power plant in finland. Development of a labscale auger reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis and process optimization using response surface methodology. The set point of the lauda cooling system was set to. Biomass fast pyrolysis systems include feedstock preparation and handling, a reactor, solid particulate removal, a pyrolysis oil collection system, and product storage. Free fall reactor the primary focus of this project is to research, develop and evaluate an alternative fast pyrolysis reactor design for the production of biooil. The pyrolysis reactor is fed with biomass from top while air is supplied through the bottom part. Pdf catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass researchgate. In this work, two types of continuously operated catalytic fast pyrolysis reactors were used, viz. Pyrolysis of pine for biooil production using an auger reactor.
A wide variety of fast pyrolysis equipment options are available to you, there are 101 suppliers who sells fast pyrolysis equipment on, mainly located in asia. Mermaid lane, wyndmoor, pennsylvania 19038 received december 21, 2007. A kinetic study on biomass fast catalytic pyrolysis. At kit, fast pyrolysis is conducted in a twinscrew mixing reactor. A parametric study of operating temperature, operating pressure, screw rotational speed, biomass feed rate and inclusion of carrier gas impact on product yields have been conducted. Auger reactors for pyrolysis of biomass and wastes. Rahul in partial fulfillments for the requirements for the award of bachelor of technology degree in mechanical engineering at national institute of technology, rourkela deemed university is an authentic. Fast pyrolysis is a relatively new, promising technology involving a high liquid yield achieved through rapid heating rates of 10 to cs, short residence times of sep 03, 2015 pyrolysis reactor 1 anela arifi. This paper attempts to address these gaps by using a threedimensional cfd model to simulate fast pyrolysis in a pilotscale auger reactor. Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or biooil, is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.
The ideal conditions for fast pyrolysis involve rapid heating rates 400. This study investigates the effect of biomass size on the yields of char, liquid organic compounds and water and gas for fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell pks. Kulkarni, hansheinrich carstensen, kevin van geem and guy b. In all experiments performed in both setups, pine wood with a particle size range of 1 to 2 mm was pyrolyzed at a constant reactor temperature of 500 c.
591 1456 1124 590 955 1534 1468 1521 602 414 365 806 25 534 1358 1112 1027 1063 362 895 604 476 751 492 322 422 1013 197 762 711 353 83 1115 355 380